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Parma Food Producers Worry About Impact of Imitations
Food producers in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy are worried that cheap imitations of their famous Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese and Prosciutto di Parma ham from other parts of the world could ruin the reputation of their refined products.
The original Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese is made from raw cow's milk according to an 800-year-old tradition. It can take two years for the cheese to age and get ready for consumption. Parmigiano is the Italian adjective derived from Parma, the city, and Reggiano stands for the region of Emilia. The cheese is known internationally as parmesan.
"Parmigiano-Reggiano comes from here and can only be made in this way and in this region, and the process all starts with milk produced by cows reared on local vegetation," said Igino Morini, spokesman for the Parmigiano-Reggiano Consortium.
European law classifies the original name, as well as the translation parmesan, as a protected indication of geographic origin.
"The European Court of Justice has declared that the Parmesan appellation, like all other similar appellations, can only be used for genuine parmesan," Morini said. "And for us it's very important. It represents a historic judicial decision that says that all false appellations within the EU are forbidden."
But in many other countries, including the United States, Canada and Brazil, the name parmesan is often used for similar cheeses that are produced in a cheaper and faster way. Since the 2012 earthquake that hit the Emilia region, more of these cheeses have been produced overseas than in Italy, and they have reached Italian markets.
Parma ham producers also complain.
"Our ham is a product that also has some problems related to fakes," said Carlo Leporati, marketing director for the Parma Ham Consortium. "But the biggest problem, mostly abroad but also in Italy, is the misuse of the 'Parma ham' appellation. ... The use of these names suggests that the products come from Italy and from the Parma area."
The European Union is working to widen marketing protection for foods from specific regions, such as Italy's Parma ham, France's Roquefort cheese, Portugal's Madeira wine and many others. The debate on the scope of these geographical indications has pitted the 28-nation bloc against the United States, Australia, Argentina and others in global trade talks.
The argument that "parmesan" is a common noun, rather than an indication of origin, has been dismissed by the European courts. But for Parma food producers and exporters, this is not enough.
詞匯解析
forever
難度：3星常用詞匯，屬常用6000詞
英漢解釋
adv.永遠(yuǎn)
參考例句
用作副詞 (adv.)
This terrible event is etched forever in my memory.
這一可怕事件永遠(yuǎn)深深地印刻在我的記憶中。
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barrel
難度：3星常用詞匯，屬常用6000詞
英漢解釋
n.桶；槍管；一桶的量；炮管；大量；筆管；汽油桶
vi.快速移動(dòng)
vt.把 ... 裝桶
參考例句
用作名詞 (n.)
It will be adaptable to three separate barrel lengths for varying mission requirements.
它將能夠適用三種各自獨(dú)立的槍管長度來應(yīng)對不同的任務(wù)需求。
用作及物動(dòng)詞 (vt.)
Because the USA is nearly bankrupt and the Chinese have them over a barrel.
因?yàn)槊绹椭袊呀咏飘a(chǎn)裝桶。
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loyalty
難度：3星常用詞匯，屬常用6000詞
英漢解釋
n.忠誠；忠心；忠貞
參考例句
用作名詞 (n.)
His loyalty is above suspicion.
他的忠誠無可置疑。
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annual
難度：4星核心詞匯，屬常用3000詞
英漢解釋
adj.每年的；年度的；一年生的
n.年刊；一年生植物
參考例句
用作形容詞 (adj.)
The firm has an annual turnover of $75 million.
這家公司的年?duì)I業(yè)額為7500萬美元。
用作名詞 (n.)
His essay is copied from a college annual.
他的論文是從一本大學(xué)年刊上抄下來的。
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approach
難度：5星基本詞匯，屬常用1000詞
英漢解釋
v.靠近；接近；接洽；要求；達(dá)到；動(dòng)手處理
n.途徑；方法；接近；接洽；要求；路徑；進(jìn)場著陸；相似的事物
參考例句
用作動(dòng)詞 (v.)
Workers, above all, will know how to approach the problem correctly .
工人們最懂得怎樣正確地處理這個(gè)問題。
用作名詞 (n.)
Narration should become a basic approach to preschool education.
敘事應(yīng)是幼兒教育的基本途徑。
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microscope
難度：3星常用詞匯，屬常用6000詞
英漢解釋
n.顯微鏡
參考例句
用作名詞 (n.)
He focuses the lens of a microscope.
他調(diào)整顯微鏡的透鏡以定焦點(diǎn)。
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potential
難度：4星核心詞匯，屬常用3000詞
英漢解釋
adj.潛在的；可能的
n.潛力；潛能
n.電位；電勢
參考例句
用作形容詞 (adj.)
These potential effects must be studied carefully.
這些潛在的影響必須仔細(xì)地加以研究。
用作名詞 (n.)
We can only measure the difference between the potentials of two half cells when they are linked to form an electrochemical cell.
當(dāng)兩個(gè)半電池連接形成一個(gè)化學(xué)電池時(shí),我們僅能測定兩個(gè)半電池之間電位的差值。
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