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A new report says sub-Saharan Africans rate their health and health care systems among the worst in the world. Nevertheless, improving health is not their top priority.
The report’s been released as Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone continue to fight the Ebola outbreak – a situation that was made worse by the poor state of their health systems.
Angus Deaton, co-author of the study, said, “I think most of us thought these episodes burnt out very quickly and this one didn’t. And I think that was surprising to a lot of people. But – and this is relevant for our work – health care systems in sub-Saharan Africa are very poorly organized and very badly done. And of course that certainly contributed to the difficulties of bringing it under control.”
Deaton is Dwight D. Eisenhower Professor of Economics and International Affairs at Princeton University’s Woodrow Wilson School. It’s important, he said, to understand what Africans list as their top priorities.
“People in Africa don’t think of health as their highest priority, at least for the government -- whereas most aid agencies have been prioritizing health pretty heavily.”
He summarized the views of sub-Saharan Africans based on the findings of Gallup’s annual World Polls.
He said, “They perceive their health pretty badly. They perceive their overall well-being pretty badly. Well-being is broader than just health. So, you know, many people sort of think, well, if you lived in a poor country all your life you’re used to it by now. And you’d be just about as happy as everybody else. But if you ask people how their lives are going sub-Saharan Africans rate those very poorly. So, they know that life could be better.”
The same is true, Deaton said, of their perceptions of health care.
“Can you imagine a health care system that spends about $100 a year per person? That’s not going to deliver very much health care.”
So, if improving poor health care systems is not the top priority among Africans, what is?
“If you asked them what government should be doing for them, they want money and jobs more than they want health, which is interesting. And I think it has something to do with the fact that there’s a lot of morbidity and mortality in Africa,” he said.
During the early years of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Africa, health workers say many infected people wanted food more than medical care. They knew the disease would take years to kill them, but a lack of food could do it much sooner.
The findings show jobs are more important because they have an immediate effect on people’s well-being.
“Some countries less than half of the population has ever had any contact whatsoever with a health professional. That’s pretty amazing. And there are certainly differences in that across countries. So, you get a country like Sudan or Somaliland, where it’s less than half – and then you places like Benin or Madagascar where 90 percent – or Senegal where more than 90 percent of the people -- have had some contact with health systems somewhere in their lives. So, there’s a huge amount of variability across Africa,” he said.
After an initial slow response to the West Africa Ebola outbreak, the international community poured in a lot of money and resources. Some observers say this will allow Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, not only to get better health care systems, but to maintain them. Deaton doubts this and said they could easily slip back to pre-Ebola conditions.
“I don’t think just very easily. I’d be stunned if it didn’t happen. The fundamental problem is just incapacity of the state,” he said.
The Princeton professor said donors and aid agencies should take the study’s findings seriously. They show that 31 percent chose jobs as their top priority, while 21 percent picked improving agriculture. Nearly 14 and a half percent chose tackling corruption, while 13 and a half percent decided on education and health care. Just over six percent chose electricity as the top priority.
The study said those who chose jobs and agriculture shared an underlying factor – better livelihoods.
詞匯解析：
critic
難度：3星常用詞匯，屬常用6000詞
英漢解釋
n.評(píng)論家；批評(píng)家
參考例句
用作名詞 (n.)
She is a very discerning art critic.
她是位眼光敏銳的藝術(shù)評(píng)論家。
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separate
難度：5星基本詞匯，屬常用1000詞
英漢解釋
adj.分開(kāi)的；不同的；單獨(dú)的；各自的
v.分開(kāi)；隔開(kāi)；區(qū)分；分居；脫離
n.分開(kāi)；抽印本
參考例句
用作形容詞 (adj.)
Can these two definitions be conflated, or must they be kept separate?
這兩個(gè)定義可以合成一個(gè)呢，還是必須分開(kāi)?
用作動(dòng)詞 (v.)
We should never separate from the masses.
我們絕不應(yīng)該脫離群眾。
用作名詞 (n.)
It's hard for me to separate the two fighting boys.
我很難把這兩個(gè)打架的孩子分開(kāi)。
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finding
難度：5星基本詞匯，屬常用1000詞
英漢解釋
n.調(diào)查(或研究)的結(jié)果；[律] 裁決
find的現(xiàn)在分詞.
參考例句
用作名詞 (n.)
The finding is based on such an inquiry.
基于如上調(diào)查所得出的發(fā)現(xiàn)
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fairly
難度：2星擴(kuò)展詞匯，屬常用10000詞
英漢解釋
adv.公正地；相當(dāng)?shù)?/p>
參考例句
用作副詞 (adv.)
This company deals fairly with every client.
這家公司公正地對(duì)待每位客戶(hù)。
We're not rich but we're fairly comfortable.
我們并不富有,但生活還較寬裕。
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joint
難度：4星核心詞匯，屬常用3000詞
英漢解釋
adj.聯(lián)合的；共同的；連帶的；合資的
n.關(guān)節(jié)；接頭；接合處；接縫；夜總會(huì)
v.貼合；連接
參考例句
用作形容詞 (adj.)
They covenanted with us for establishing a joint venture.
他們就建立合資公司的事和我們簽了合約。
用作名詞 (n.)
The joint isn't quite done yet.
這一大塊肉煮得不太熟。
用作動(dòng)詞 (v.)
Does any one know who can joint sales calls?
誰(shuí)知道誰(shuí)可以做聯(lián)合銷(xiāo)售拜訪?
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lower
難度：5星基本詞匯，屬常用1000詞
英漢解釋
adj.低的；下級(jí)的；下層的
v.降低；減弱；跌落
參考例句
用作形容詞 (adj.)
The lower level is subordinate to the higher level.
下級(jí)服從上級(jí)。
用作動(dòng)詞 (v.)
Examinations also lower the standards of teaching.
考試也使教學(xué)水平降低。
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protest
難度：4星核心詞匯，屬常用3000詞
英漢解釋
n.抗議；反對(duì)
v.抗議；反對(duì)；申明；斷言
參考例句
用作名詞 (n.)
Half a million people held a mass protest against racism last night.
昨晚50萬(wàn)人舉行了大規(guī)模的抗議活動(dòng)反對(duì)種族歧視。
用作動(dòng)詞 (v.)
They protested to the mayor that the taxes were too high.
他們向市長(zhǎng)提出抗議說(shuō)稅款過(guò)高。
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