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Longer Lives For Type 1 Diabetics Who Strictly Control Blood Sugar
People with type 1 diabetes are more likely to have an early death and suffer severe long-term complications than the rest of the population. A new study looks at whether maintaining tighter control of blood sugar levels over time can help lower these risks.
Ralph Dineen was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes more than 30 years ago. He wears an insulin pump and tests his blood sugar five times a day.
“When I became diabetic it was a very confusing moment in my life. You know, I was about 30 years old and it came out of nowhere at me," said Dineen.
Dineen participated in a study that lasted seven years in the mid-1980's. Half the participants, including Dineen, were instructed on how to maintain tight control of their blood sugar. The other half controlled their sugar more loosely.
A new study looked at the data to determine whether this intensive blood sugar control would help reduce long-term complications of the disease like vision loss, kidney failure, nerve damage and heart disease.
Dr. David Nathan at Massachusetts General Hospital led the study.
“Tighter blood sugar control reduced those complications by as much as 60 to 70 percent," said Nathan.
The researchers continued to follow 99 percent of these patients after the study ended in 1993. They wanted to see whether maintaining tighter blood sugar control early on would result in a longer lifespan.
“And it turns out that although the entire group is doing quite well, including those who were originally on conventional therapy, those with intensive therapy have a reduction in mortality by about 33 percent," said Nathan.
“…there is no thickening of the lens, no cataracts developing, which is great…”
“People with type 1 diabetes are not only doing better if they have intensive therapy but that their life span is probably approximating that in the non-diabetic population," said Nathan.
Researchers are now trying to identify genetic and environmental causes of the disease and to see if they can get cells to produce insulin. The study was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
詞匯解析
massive
難度：3星常用詞匯，屬常用6000詞
英漢解釋
adj.巨大的；大量的；大規(guī)模的；大范圍的；嚴(yán)重的
參考例句
用作形容詞 (adj.)
The soldier suffered a massive haemorrhage and died soon after.
那個(gè)戰(zhàn)士經(jīng)受了大量出血的痛苦，不久便去世了。
The wedding got massive media coverage.
婚禮得到大眾傳播媒介的廣泛報(bào)道。
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rotate
難度：3星常用詞匯，屬常用6000詞
英漢解釋
v.輪流；(使)旋轉(zhuǎn)
adj.車輪狀的
參考例句
用作動(dòng)詞 (v.)
The post of chairman rotates among members of the committee.
主席一職由委員會(huì)的成員輪流擔(dān)任。
Does the earth rotate on an axis?
地球是繞軸旋轉(zhuǎn)的嗎？
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joint
難度：4星核心詞匯，屬常用3000詞
英漢解釋
adj.聯(lián)合的；共同的；連帶的；合資的
n.關(guān)節(jié)；接頭；接合處；接縫；夜總會(huì)
v.貼合；連接
參考例句
用作形容詞 (adj.)
They covenanted with us for establishing a joint venture.
他們就建立合資公司的事和我們簽了合約。
用作名詞 (n.)
The joint isn't quite done yet.
這一大塊肉煮得不太熟。
用作動(dòng)詞 (v.)
Does any one know who can joint sales calls?
誰知道誰可以做聯(lián)合銷售拜訪?
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mixture
難度：3星常用詞匯，屬常用6000詞
英漢解釋
n.混合；混合物
參考例句
用作名詞 (n.)
You need a spoon to beat the mixture smooth.
你需要用一把調(diào)羹來攪均混合液。
The bottom layer is a mixture of sand and clay.
最下面的一層是沙和泥的混合物。
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convention
難度：2星擴(kuò)展詞匯，屬常用10000詞
英漢解釋
n.大會(huì)；協(xié)定；慣例；公約
參考例句
用作名詞 (n.)
The convention looms as political battle.
這場(chǎng)大會(huì)將是一場(chǎng)政治角斗。
We follow Geneva Convention procedures.
我們遵守日內(nèi)瓦公約規(guī)定的程序。
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explosive
難度：3星常用詞匯，屬常用6000詞
英漢解釋
adj.爆炸(性)的；引發(fā)爭(zhēng)論的；大聲的
n.炸藥
參考例句
用作形容詞 (adj.)
The most impressive volcanic phenomena are explosive eruptions.
最令人難忘的火山現(xiàn)象是爆炸噴發(fā)。
用作名詞 (n.)
I warn you that the explosive can kill thousands of people.
我警告你,這種炸藥可以殺死成千上萬個(gè)人。
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assure
難度：4星核心詞匯，屬常用3000詞
英漢解釋
vt.使確信；使放心；確保
參考例句
用作及物動(dòng)詞 (vt.)
Her success as an actress was now assured.
她當(dāng)演員很成功，已毋庸置疑了。
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