英語同義詞賞析

Fielding from spiiker English
導(dǎo)入：
? 英漢語言存在巨大的差異，無論詞匯還是語法，都有自己獨(dú)特的體系。
? 英語詞匯的表達(dá)更加講究精確，即表達(dá)相同的意義時(shí)，不同的場合和語境下要使用不同的詞匯。如：漢語說：“吃飯時(shí)間到”，英語中卻要說出是have breakfast, lunch or supper，即早飯，午飯還是晚飯，在英語中分的很清楚，沒有像漢語中的“吃飯”這樣的模糊概念。
看下面的例子：
證明&證實(shí)在英語中主要有如下說法：
illustrate, prove, verify, testify, certify, affirm, confirm, demonstrate, validate, substantiate, and so on……
如此多的證明，要如何選用呢？
details
illustrate:  用（圖表，插圖，示例）證明
This diagram will illustrate what I mean.

demonstrate: 用（實(shí)例，標(biāo)本，實(shí)驗(yàn)）證明
All of those experiments demonstrated the correctness of his analysis.

validate: 證明，驗(yàn)證，使生效
詞根為valid：有效的，正當(dāng)?shù)模懈鶕?jù)的
本詞是一個(gè)較為專業(yè)的詞匯，多用在法律，醫(yī)學(xué)等領(lǐng)域中。
Further clinical and basic researches should be encouraged to validate the use of this drug.
In order to validate the agreement between yourself and your employer, you must both sign it.

substantiate: 用（事實(shí)，證據(jù)）證明
詞根為substance：物質(zhì)，實(shí)質(zhì)
根據(jù)詞根可知，其動詞形式的內(nèi)在含義即：用實(shí)實(shí)在在的看得見摸得著的東西，來證明……
To substantiate a scientific hypothesis needs a large amount of evidence.
Do you have any proof to substantiate your alibi?

certify, verify, testify, affirm, confirm, prove則無顯著差異，均表示證明，證實(shí)某事
The doctor certified him insane.

Later,findings verified the scientist's theory.

The next move is to testify the idea's feasibility.

The ministry affirmed that the visit had been postponed.

The experiment confirmed my theory.

In order to prove his point he showed them the latest sales figures.

對大量的同義詞逐個(gè)探究必會耗用大量的時(shí)間和精力，面對浩如煙海的單詞表，似乎力不從心。
至少，總結(jié)同義詞是一種粗略記憶的好方法，這是一種聯(lián)想記憶方式，想到一個(gè)詞就可以牽出其它的同義詞，每當(dāng)想到同義群體中的任何一個(gè)詞時(shí)，都可以下意識的將它的同義詞全部在腦中過一遍，這樣一來單詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)幾率就會遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于通過看單詞書進(jìn)行記憶的方式~~

other examples
英語中的同義詞可謂玲瑯滿目，俯拾即是，如
大的：big, large, huge, enormous, tremendous, immense, colossal, gigant, gigantic, monstrous,fantastic, vast…
奇怪的：strange, freak, peculiar, curious, odd, eccentric, outlandish, queer,weird, funny, bizarre, monstrous
吸引：attract, absorb, capture, fascinate, appeal to, lure, intrigue, tempt, induce, seduce, entrance

輕蔑，嘲笑：despise, disdain, trifle, slight, scorn, disparage, discriminate, sneer, mock, jibe, taunt, ridicule, jeer, contempt
襲擊，侵占：attack, assault, assail, raid, intrude, invade, charge at, wage war on, fight with, fight against, deprive, rob
悲傷的：sad, agonizing, mournful, sorrowful, grieved, grievous, miserable, tragic, pathetic, wretched, distressing, sorry-looking，painful, bitter, abject

一群：group, horde, column, colony, crowd, stock, flock, school, pile, cluster, procession, swarm, troop, shoal, drove, stack, herd, throng
 對抗，襲擊：protest, oppose, overthrow, object to, remonstrate, turn against, compete against, rebel, repel, withstand, offend, struggle against, defy, betray, attack, assault, assail, raid, intrude, invade, charge at, wage war on, fight with, fight against, air raid, deprive, rob

恐懼的：afraid, frightful, frightened, terrible, horrible, terrified, horrified, terrifying, frightening, dreadful, petrified, scared, panic, eerie, startled, intimidated
驕傲的：proud, assuming, haughty, conceited, presumptuous, overbearing, pretentious
聰明的，出色的：shrewd, resourceful, wise, canny, advisable, sensible, smart, flexible, intelligent, knowledgeable, quick-minded, impressive, brilliant, excellent, wonderful
…………

對同義詞的總結(jié)，有助于快捷高效的記憶大量詞匯，若能假以時(shí)日予以考究，則能極大的增強(qiáng)英文表達(dá)的地道性。