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常用【定語(yǔ)從句】的用法有哪些？ 

定語(yǔ)從句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞，詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。

關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。

1)who, whom, that

這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下:

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是想見(jiàn)你的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

他就是我昨天見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))

2) Whose 用來(lái)指人或物，(只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物，它還可以同of which互換), 例如:

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.

那人車(chē)壞了，大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。

Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書(shū)。

3)which, that

它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等，例如:

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未 有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作主語(yǔ))

The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在句中作賓語(yǔ))

關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。

1)when, where,why

關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用，例 如:

There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。

Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?

2)that代替關(guān)系副詞

that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從 句，在非正式文體中that常被省略(正式文體中不可省略)，例如:

His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.

他父親在他出生那年逝世了。

He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.

他不大可能找到他四十 年前居住過(guò)的地方。

判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞

方法一: 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須要 求用關(guān)系代詞。例如:

(錯(cuò)) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

(錯(cuò)) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

(對(duì)) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.

(對(duì)) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。

方法二: 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞.先行詞在從句中作主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系代詞;先行詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選 擇關(guān)系副詞。

例如:

(對(duì))Is this the museum which you visited a few days ago?

(對(duì))Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?